Collision
Introduction
Currently the most obvious missing component in our game is collision - the MainShip can move through Rocks, Bullets pass through Rocks, and Rocks pass through each other. This tutorial covers adding collision to all objects.
Modifying Collision Sizes
All of our entities which need collision (Player, Rock, Bullet) have collision circles which can be seen visibly as white circles. As you may have noticed, the collision shapes are a little too big. We can modify the Radius value on all of our collisions to more accurately match the art. To change the Player collision radius:
Expand the Player entity
Expand the Objects folder
Select the CircleInstance object
Click on the Variables tab
Change the Radius value to 10
Repeat the process above for the following circles:
Bullet CircleInstance Radius = 3
Rock CircleInstance Radius = 6
Now our collision size matches the size of our objects.
You may have noticed that the bullet sprite doesn't quite match the collision radius. We could either offset the collision to match the sprite, or we could offset the sprite to offset the collision. While both approaches will solve the problem, we recommend keeping the collision centered if possible. For larger games this can improve performance. Therefore, we'll adjust the sprite.
Expand the Bullet entity
Select SpriteInstance
Change the Y value to -5
That's much better!
Creating Collision Relationships
Next we will add logic to our collision. When talking about collision, it's helpful to think about collision relationships. A collision relationship is created between two objects (in this case two lists) and defines what happens when any items in these lists collide. Our game will have three collision relationships:
Bullet vs Rock - destroy the rock and bullet (for now).
Player vs Rock - destroy the player and the rock. Eventually we'll want to handle a game over state.
Rock vs Rock - this is an example of a self-colliding list. When one rock collides against another we want to have them bounce off of each other.
To create a collision relationship, drag+drop one list in the GameScreen onto another list. For example, dragging the BulletList on top of the RockList will create a collision relationship between these two lists.
We can also repeat this process to create a relationship between the PlayerList and RockList.
To create a self-collision, we cannot use the drag+drop method. Instead, we can use the Collision tab:
Select the RockList object under GameScreen
Click the Collision tab
Click the Add button next to the RockList label to add a self-collision
Notice that the Collision tab provides a quick way to view all collision relationships for the currently-selected object. All collision relationships are also organized under the Collision Relationships item in the GameScreen.
Collision Relationship Physics
So far we've created a few collision relationships. This tells the game that we want something to happen when objects collide, but we haven't yet told Glue what we want to happen. First we'll start with the RockListVsRockList collision relationship. To edit a collision relationship, click it and select the Collision tab. Notice that there are lots of options available to customize collision relationships.
For now we'll focus on the Collision Physics section, which lets us specify how the colliding objects should be moved or whether they should bounce when a collision occurs. We want the objects to bounce, so click the Bounce Collision option. Leave all of the other defaults unchanged.
Now if we run our game, the rocks will bounce off of each other. You may need to let the game run for a while to accumulate enough rocks for a collision to occur.
Collision Relationship Events
Often a game needs custom code to be executed whenever a collision occurs. Our game needs to destroy bullets and rocks whenever they collide, and players and rocks must be destroyed whenever a player collides against a rock. Collision events provide the option of running custom code whenever a collision occurs. First, we'll add custom code whenever the bullet and rock collide.
Select the BulletListVsRockList collision relationship
Click the Collision tab
Click the OK button to confirm the defaults for the new event
This will add a new event to the code project. Before we edit it, let's repeat the same process for the PlayerListVsRockList collision relationship:
Select the PlayerListVsRockList collision relationship
Click the Collision tab
Click the Add Event button
Click the OK button to accept the defaults
All events added to GameScreen will be contained in the GameScreen.Events.cs file in our Visual Studio project. You may need to expand the GameScreen.cs file in the Solution Explorer to see this file.
Notice that the methods created provide access to the objects that have collided. For example, OnBulletListVsRockListCollisionOccurred provides access to the Bullet and Rock that have collided, named first and second, respectively. We can modify the code to destroy all objects when they collide. To do so, modify the code in your event file as shown in the following snippet:
Conclusion
This tutorial did a lot to make our game feel like a real game! Now we can shoot rocks and take damage. Of course, once the player dies the game continues to run. We'll improve that behavior in a future tutorial.
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